Selasa, 29 April 2014

> Fee Download Trust and Rule (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics), by Charles Tilly

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Trust and Rule (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics), by Charles Tilly

Rightly fearing that unscrupulous rulers would break them up, seize their resources, or submit them to damaging forms of intervention, strong networks of trust such as kinship groups, clandestine religious sects, and trade diasporas have historically insulated themselves from political control by a variety of strategies. Drawing on a vast range of comparisons over time and space, Charles Tilly asks and answers how, and with what consequences, members of trust networks have evaded, compromised with, or even sought connections with political regimes.

  • Sales Rank: #2042503 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
  • Published on: 2005-07-25
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.98" h x .47" w x 5.98" l, .65 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 214 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"Not since Max Weber has there been a sociologist who knows more about world history than Charles Tilly, and puts it to more lucid analytical use."
Julia Adams, Yale University

"Trust and Rule is a book of nearly unparalleled creativity. Tilly joins the complexities of vast literatures from disparate fields with the grace of a master craftsman, producing a work that is both elegant and useful. Though based in history, sociology and anthropology, Trust and Rule leaves us with powerful political lessons applicable to states from Iraq to Brazil. No one who reads this study will look at trust networks with the same eyes again. "
Nancy Bermeo, Princeton University

"A new Tilly is born, confronting trust with democracy and oppression, wandering from migrant Jews in the U.S. to Tocqueville's travel in Ireland, giving us his own remembrance while visiting an old Italian cemetery, jumping from Roberts the pirate to Provencal religious confraternities, and even to Bin Laden's network. A new and crucial subject is established through a wide range of empirical examples: how is trust crucially connected to democracy but much less vital in authoritarian regimes based on patronage, and how without trust may we witness a decay of democracy? "
Pierre Birnbaum, University of Paris

"[This book] is a sustained, highly integrated analysis of a concept that stands at the heart of current debates written by a major scholar able to draw on an astonishing range of historical examples. Further, the position proposed is original, notably in offering a relational rather than a dispositional view of trust." Canadian
Journal of Sociology Online

"This work offers a stimulating, demanding, and provocative argument on trust and forms of rule. It also reveal Charles Tilly as a fine storyteller."
Perspectives on Politics

About the Author
Charles Tilly is currently the Joseph L. Buttenwieser Professor of Social Science at Columbia University. He has also taught at the University of Delaware, Harvard University, the University of Toronto, the University of Michigan, and the New School for Social Research. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a fellow and former member of both the Midwest Council and the American Association for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences. Charles Tilly is the author of many books, including three recently published by Cambridge University Press: Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650-2000, Dynamics of Contention (with Doug McAdam and Sidney Tarrow) and The Politics of Collective Violence.

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~ Ebook Download Psychiatric Interviewing and Assessment, by Robert Poole, Robert Higgo

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Psychiatric Interviewing and Assessment, by Robert Poole, Robert Higgo

This book will help mental health professionals to develop the fundamental generic skills in interviewing and assessment which form the foundation of psychiatric practice. It is about the process of reaching a diagnosis and is a practical guide to help the reader make the transition from novice to competent clinician. It is based on real problems encountered in modern general adult psychiatric practice, and is set in a range of environments, in the clinic and in the community. The text is punctuated by a selection of case studies to illustrate the principles highlighted in the book. This book will be essential reading for all members of the mental health team. Its practical grounding in everyday clinical experience will appeal to trainee psychiatrists and more experienced clinicians alike, as well as to nurses, social workers and psychologists.

  • Sales Rank: #2233141 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
  • Published on: 2006-04-03
  • Released on: 2006-02-23
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.72" h x .51" w x 6.85" l, 1.06 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 240 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
'This book contains an abundance of practical advice and clinical practice wisdom ... it sends a clear message that relating to patients in a warm, genuine, accepting, and inquisitive fashion provides the setting in which patients are encouraged to collaborate with the psychiatrist, become more self-reliant and autonomous, and progress along the path to recovery from mental illness.' Psychiatric Services

'It is written with a great sense of humour, lucidity, and without the unnecessary quest for a political correctness. The authors clinical acumen and experience are obvious. The chapters are straight to the point, well written, with good clinical illustrations, and with another good feature - the main points of each chapter are at the end of it.' Annals of Clinical Psychiatry

'This book needs to be considered as recommended reading for all doctors in training in psychiatry. ... It provides illuminating and thought-provoking insights into self-awareness and the issues we as practitioners bring into the therapeutic relationship. These issues are captured succinctly by well-chosen clinical scenarios. The text is easily digested and readable, with summary points at the end of each chapter which help to make what can be enormous issues distilled and clear. ... This book is disarmingly applicable and approachable. ... it is an unsurpassed and important work.' British Journal Of Psychiatry

'This book contains an abundance of practical advice and clinical practice wisdom ... I would wholeheartedly recommend the book to any student or clinician of any experience level in a mental health setting.' Justin J. Trevino, M.D. American Psychiatric Association

About the Author
Robert Poole is a community psychiatrist with an interest in the psychological, social and cultural aspects of mental illness. He has wide experience as a postgraduate educator having been a Royal College Clinical Tutor and Examiner, a University Postgraduate Tutor and Chairman of a regional psychiatric training committee.

Robert Higgo is currently the consultant psychiatrist for an Assertive Outreach Team in Liverpool, dealing with difficult to engage and complex client groups. He is a Royal College tutor and joint programme director for the Merseyside Rotational Training Scheme in Psychiatry.

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0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Very interesting, but
By Donna L. Calhoun
I found it to be a little wordy and unnecessary (I'm not a professional though, so its probably just that it didn't interest me). I did find what I needed.

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Kamis, 24 April 2014

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QBase Radiology: Volume 3, MCQs in Physics and Ionizing Radiation for the FRCR (v. 3), by Dr Rakesh Misra, Joshua Burrill

Passing the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists Part 1 examination is a prerequisite for any doctor who wants a career in Radiology. The part 1 examines candidates' knowledge on both the physics of medical imaging and the principles of radiation protection. This book provides a series of multiple choice questions structured in a similar format to the examination, in order to evaluate candidates' knowledge on all the aspects that are required for part 1. The radiation protection questions are up-to-date with the current IR(ME)R 2000 regulations. Detailed answers with additional information are provided, along with references, for each question. The text is accompanied by a free CD-ROM containing the powerful and easy-to-use QBase interactive MCQ examination package, suitable for PCs and PDAs.

  • Sales Rank: #4404693 in Books
  • Published on: 2006-07-10
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.98" h x .39" w x 5.98" l, .69 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 172 pages

About the Author
Rakesh Misra is Consultant Radiologist at Wycombe Hospital.

Joshua Burrill is Specialist Registrar Radiology at Central Middlesex Hospital.

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Rabu, 23 April 2014

> Ebook Download Essential Grammar in Use with Answers: A Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Elementary Students of English, by Raymond Murphy

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An absolute essential for any elementary level student. Essential Grammar in Use Third edition is a fully updated version of the bestselling grammar title. Now in full colour, with new content and even more exercises, this updated edition retains all the key features of clarity and ease-of-use that have made the book so popular with students and teachers. This edition, with answers, is ideal for self-study.

  • Sales Rank: #416451 in Books
  • Published on: 2007-03-05
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 10.43" h x .63" w x 7.68" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 326 pages

About the Author
fm.author_biographical_note1

Most helpful customer reviews

21 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
Superb
By Timothy J. Joko-Veltman
I have been using the 2nd edition of this book to tutor my brother-in-law and his wife. They've enjoyed the book, but recently, I decided to "upgrade". The book arrived in the mail 2 days ago, and I am absolutely astounded. It's in colour. It's got nicer drawings. It's got the same great format. It's got an even better organization. It's still got a smattering of British-only usages, but I've always thought this more of a feature than a bug, and besides, how hard is it to just say, "Americans say it this way instead"?

I'm impressed with the book, and excited to start using it. Highly recommended for autodidacts and tutoring situations.

10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
As a teacher of English as a Second Language
By Amazon Customer
I have a large collection of English Grammar books. I have found this one to be the best. Each topic is clearly set out, one page of explanation followed by one page of exercises, indexed for easy referral. Ideal for the student who wants to work by him/herself (with answers in the back) or the teacher who wants to check the accuracy of what he/she is teaching. English is a convoluted language with many exceptions to the rule and it is important to be able to present it accurately and clearly to students the first time.Many of my students have bought this book as they consider it sets out clearly all the things they were unsure about in the past.

14 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
The BEST english grammar book ever!
By V. Soares
English is not my native language and I know very well how difficult is to learn a second language without proper education. I have studied Murphy's books for a long time and recommend his books for everybody. There are a lot of good books out there (I have purchased a whole bunch of them!), but no one bits this one. This book is for elementary students. There are also the intermediate grammar and the advanced grammar - all them are great! It is a must have! Buy with confidence!

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Selasa, 22 April 2014

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The Quantum Theory of Fields, Volume 1: Foundations, by Steven Weinberg



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The Quantum Theory of Fields, Volume 1: Foundations, by Steven Weinberg

In The Quantum Theory of Fields, Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg combines his exceptional physical insight with his gift for clear exposition to provide a self-contained, comprehensive, and up-to-date introduction to quantum field theory. This is a two-volume work. Volume I introduces the foundations of quantum field theory. The development is fresh and logical throughout, with each step carefully motivated by what has gone before, and emphasizing the reasons why such a theory should describe nature. After a brief historical outline, the book begins anew with the principles about which we are most certain, relativity and quantum mechanics, and the properties of particles that follow from these principles. Quantum field theory emerges from this as a natural consequence. The author presents the classic calculations of quantum electrodynamics in a thoroughly modern way, showing the use of path integrals and dimensional regularization. His account of renormalization theory reflects the changes in our view of quantum field theory since the advent of effective field theories. The book's scope extends beyond quantum electrodynamics to elementary particle physics, and nuclear physics. It contains much original material, and is peppered with examples and insights drawn from the author's experience as a leader of elementary particle research. Problems are included at the end of each chapter. This work will be an invaluable reference for all physicists and mathematicians who use quantum field theory, and it is also appropriate as a textbook for graduate students in this area.

  • Sales Rank: #65084 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
  • Published on: 2005-05-09
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.96" h x 1.30" w x 6.97" l, 2.45 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 609 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"The [physics] community will not be disappointed....Volume 1 is six hundred pages of meticulous exposition of the fundamentals of the subject....In addition to a superb treatment of all the conventional topics there are numerous sections covering areas that are not normally emphasized, such as the subject of field redefinitions, higher-rank tensor fields and an unusually clear and thorough treatment of infrared effects....This latest book reinforces [Weinberg's] high scholarly standards. It provides a unique exposition that will prove invaluable both to new research students as well as to experienced research workers....this will become a classic text on a subject of central importance to a wide area of theoretical physics." Michael B. Green, CERN Courier

"...for over 20 years there has been no good modern textbook on [quantum field theory]. For all that time, Steven Weinberg has been promising to write one. That he has finally done it...is cause for celebration among those who try to teach and try to learn the subject. Weinberg's book is for serious students of field theory....[I]t is the first textbook to treat quantum field theory the way it is used by physicists today." Howard Georgi, Science

"...provides an impressively lucid and thorough presentation of the subject from this modern viewpoint....Weinberg manages to present difficult topics with richness of meaning and marvellous clarity. Full of valuable insights, his treatise is sure to become a classic..." Nature

"...a self-contained, comprehensive introduction to quantum field theory." Book News, Inc.

"...beautifully produced and meticulously edited...and it is a real bargain in price. If you want to learn quantum field theory, or have already learned it and want to have a definitive reference at hand, purchase this book." O.W. Greenberg, Physics Today

"I would recommend it to students who have completed a first course in field theory and hope that many of my colleagues will read it as well. Weinberg leads us to a frontier rich in possibilities. This is an optimistic book, written with much respect for ideas and nature--and for tools." Chris Quigg, Science

About the Author
Steven Weinberg is Josey Regental Professor of Science at the University of Texas. His research has been honored with numerous prizes and awards, including in 1979 the Nobel Prize in Physics and in 1991 the National Medal of Science, as well as the Heinemann Prize in Mathematical Physics and the Madison Medal of Princeton University. He has been elected to the US National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of Great Britain, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Most helpful customer reviews

37 of 38 people found the following review helpful.
Very thorough and logical, but somewhat difficult and painful to get through
By A. Potter
To put the review in perspective, My Background: I am a senior undergraduate engineering/physics student with an interest in mathematics and theoretical physics. This is my third QFT book.

Things I liked about the book:
- The book follows a very logical progression. I love how Weinberg presents a coherent argument based on simple physical principles (specifically Lorentz invariance and the cluster decomposition principle).
- Weinberg takes painstaking effort to avoid hand-waving, and is very careful to enumerate (and make plausible) his assumptions. In so doing, he avoids the sort of black-magic feeling I got when reading some less well written QFT books (see for example: Peskin and Schroeder, which makes a mockery of logical progression in an effort to teach you how to calculate as soon as possible).
- The book was very thorough, and often provided an original approach to the material. The coverage of renormalization seemed natural and coherent, and since the book is presented in a logical order (rather than a historical one) Weinberg avoids justifying renormalization as some mysterious subtraction of infinities, basing it instead on general non-perterbative methods (e.g. poles of the S-matrix, etc...)

What I didn't like about the book:
- As a result of his unwavering emphasis on logical progression, and his inclusion of a vast amount of material (almost all of which is necessary to understand in order to progress through the book), the book is somewhat painful to get through. Be prepared to re-read many of the sections a couple of times, and to make very slow progress.
- Weinberg chooses to present QFT in a very general form (i.e. abstracting it from a particular field such as particle physics or condensed matter physics). This is not necessarily a disadvantage, but I often found my interest waning after reading a few hundred pages without making any contact with phenomenology. Additionally, the excercises were similarly abstract, which makes it difficult (at least for me) to particularly care about their results. (More of a problem for self-study)
- The notation is very complete, which isn't normally a bad thing. However, the equations sometimes become very cumbersome when he includes every index, and every functional dependence regardless of how redundant they may be.
- In his coverage of path integrals, he derives things using functional determinants rather than through the more common generating functional methods. I think this hides a lot of the physical insight of the path integral approach, particularly, its equivalence to the 2nd-quantized approach, and its relation to Feynman diagrams.
- This book will drive the more mathematically inclined crazy, as the author admits, it makes very little attempt at rigour, and is very uncareful. He exchanges orders of limits willy-nilly, and often is not even clear about what sort of limiting process is taking place. There is not discussion of functional integration measures, or convergence, and there is very little justification provided for regularization methods (actually the coverage of dimensional regularization is extremely sparce, and would have been unfollowable, had I not already known it).

General Comments:
- I think that, contrary to some of the previous reviews, that the first few chapters of the book (through 6) would be a good first exposure to quantum field theory. I think the reader would have a much better understanding of the theory. However, the rest of the book is quite advanced, and would not be good for the uninitialized.
- I think that in an effort to make his coverage thorough and abstracting his discussion from phenomenology, the author sacrificed some of the readability of the book. That being said, if you're serious about learning the subject, this is a good resource.

6 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Good if you know math and not much physics
By A Customer
You can read Weinberg's textbooks with joy and profit knowing a decent amount of mathematics and not much physics. Both "Gravitation and Cosmology" and "The Quantum Theory of Fields:vol I" are very self-contained. The ideas develop beautifully, naturally, and clearly. You might have to re-read but you won't need another reference for the topics that he covers, and you won't be overwhelmed with inessential or improperly motivated material.

52 of 62 people found the following review helpful.
Brilliant but hard, a book for advanced students only
By Wolfgang Zernik
Let me start by stating the essentials:
1. If you are a grad student in theoretical physics or you already have your Ph.D, buy this book! If you are an amateur trying to figure out how the universe works this book will simply break your heart because you will understant none of it.
2. The book is beautifully printed by Cambridge University Press. You don't see this sort of quality often these days, when the European-style el cheapo paper back has become the norm.
3. It is an expensive book, but Amazon has some bargain re-sellers. I bought my copy at a substantial discount. It was supposedly second-hand but had obviously never even been breathed on. And it got here in two days.
4. This is a book mainly about formalism and mathematics. If you get about half-way through you will eventually reach some discussion of experimental results but this is not the emphasis here.
5. Finally, on a personal note. I am a retired theoretical physicist and about forty years ago I even wrote a paper on quantum electrodynamics. So I thought that maybe I could attempt to read this book. I know the words, Hermitian operators, Lorentz transformations, stuff like that. Yet I'm having a very hard time getting through it. After about a month of trying I'm about to give up. I can read chapters 1 and most of 2, but after that it becomes too hard for me. One problem is that it is not often explained what the point of all that complicated mathematics really is. It certainly does not give me a better understanding of the physical world although I suppose it would do that if I persevered long enough. That's why I gave it only 4 stars.

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Minggu, 20 April 2014

> Ebook Download Searle and Foucault on Truth, by C. G. Prado

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Searle and Foucault on Truth, by C. G. Prado

The analytic impression of Michel Foucault is of a radical relativist whose views on truth entail linguistic idealism. C.G. Prado's book lays this misperception to rest, showing analytic philosophers that Foucault's ideas about truth are defensible and merit serious attention, while also demonstrating to Continental philosophers that Searle's ideas about truth can not be ignored. Prado rebuts the analytic impression of Michel Foucault as a radical relativist whose views on truth entail denial of the objective world, and demonstrates that Foucault is not only a realist, but also much closer than many imagine to John Searle and Donald Davidson, both model analytic thinkers.

  • Sales Rank: #3501991 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
  • Published on: 2005-10-31
  • Released on: 2006-01-26
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.98" h x .47" w x 5.98" l, .68 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 198 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

About the Author
C. G. Prado is Professor Emeritus in the Philosophy Department at Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario. A recipient of grants and fellowships from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Canada Council, and Queen's University, he is the author and editor of many articles and books, including A House Divided: Comparing Analytic and Continental Philosophers and Illusions of Faith: A Critique of Noncredal Religions.

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> Free Ebook I Was Wrong: The Meanings of Apologies, by Nick Smith

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I Was Wrong: The Meanings of Apologies, by Nick Smith

Apologies pervade our news headlines and our private affairs, but how should we evaluate these often vague and deceptive rituals? Discussing numerous examples from ancient and recent history, I Was Wrong: On The Meanings of Apologies argues that we suffer from considerable confusion about the moral meanings and social functions of these complex interactions. Rather than asking whether a speech act "is or is not" an apology, Smith offers a nuanced theory of apologetic meaning. Smith leads us with a clear voice though a series of rich philosophical and interdisciplinary questions, arguing that apologies have evolved from a confluence of diverse cultural and religious practices that do not translate easily into pluralistic secular discourse. After describing several varieties of apologies between individuals, Smith turns to collectives. Although apologies from corporations, governments, and other groups can be profoundly significant, Smith guides readers to appreciate the kinds of meaning that collective apologies often do not convey and warns of the dangers of collective acts of contrition that allow individual wrongdoers to obscure their personal blame. Dr. Smith is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of New Hampshire. A graduate of Vassar College, he earned a law degree from SUNY at Buffalo and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Vanderbilt University. Before coming to UNH, he worked as a litigator for LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene, and MacRae and as a judicial clerk for the Honorable R.L. Nygaard of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. He specializes in the philosophy of Law, Politics, and Society and he writes on and teaches aesthetics. He is working with Cambridge University Press on the sequel to I Was Wrong, applying his framework for apologetic meanings to examples in criminal and civil law. His writings have appeared in journals such as Continental Philosophy Review, Social Theory and Practice, The Journal of Social Philosophy, Culture, Theory & Critique, The Rutgers Law Journal, and The Buffalo Law Review.

  • Sales Rank: #521068 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
  • Published on: 2008-02-25
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.98" h x .67" w x 5.98" l, .98 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 312 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"[This] book is lucid and learned, a rare combination. A must read for anyone interested in promoting civility in discourse...Highly recommended.
-D. Stewart, emeritus, Ohio University, Choice

"Smith provides us with a comprehensive and eminently sensible sourcebook on apologetic meaning. Smith has done a service by offering extensive and clearly written analyses of many aspects of apology as well as a great number of compelling and detailed examples. We have here...an accurate guidebook to the many subtle ways apologies can succeed or fail."
--Matthew Talbert, West Virginia University, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews

About the Author
Nick Smith is currently a philosophy professor at the University of New Hampshire. He graduated from Vassar College in 1994, earned a law degree from State University of New York, Buffalo in 1997, and went on to complete a PhD in philosophy from Vanderbilt University, Tennessee in 2002. He made a living as an attorney before coming to the University of New Hampshire, working as a litigator for a major corporate law firm based in Manhattan. He also held positions as a judicial clerk for the Honorable R. L. Nygaard of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, in-house counsel for a New England medical technology corporation, a clerk for a New York State Department of Human Rights judge, and an intern at two public defenders' offices. He specialises in the philosophy of law, politics, and society, particularly as considered through contemporary continental philosophy. He also writes on and teaches aesthetics. He is currently working on the sequel to The Categorical Apology. This next book, also with Cambridge University Press, applies his framework for the various kinds of meanings conveyed by apologies to examples in criminal and civil law. His writings have appeared in journals such as Continental Philosophy Review, Social Theory and Practice, The Journal of Social Philosophy, Culture, Theory and Critique, The Rutgers Law Journal, and The Buffalo Law Review.

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11 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
"I'm Sorry 101": A Very Thoughtful Guide to the Complex Nature of the All-Too-Common Practice of Apology
By David Crumm
Dr. Nick Smith has done us all an enormous favor. Apologies are a dime a hundred these days, but this central ritual in our civilization has become more confused than ever.

"Much of our private and public moral discourse occurs in the giving, receiving, or demanding of apologies, yet we rarely make explicit precisely what we expect from a gesture of contrition. As a result, apologizing has become a vague, clumsy, and sometimes spiteful ritual," Smith writes in his introduction.

Smith is a scholar - an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of New Hampshire - and has marched bravely into the swamp of contemporary apologies with a machete and a clipboard. The good news is that he has cleared away a lot of debris and clearly outlines the dozens of complex issues surrounding the process of apology in a way that makes this book ideal for discussion groups.

In fact, it's also a great choice for congregational discussion groups, because this certainly is a spiritual issue. Smith makes that point himself in a fascinating chapter about various cultural and religious approaches to the practice around the world. This book is not an in-depth religious analysis of the issue, but Smith gives us enough analysis here so that the thousands of congregationally based discussion groups across the country could build from his framework - agreeing or disagreeing with his analysis as they consider his book.

The best thing about the book is that it never reaches a point at which Smith inserts a page labeled something like "The 5 Steps to a Perfect Apology." Early in the book, he does talk about various scholars' attempts to come up with a concise set of rules. What he does, instead, is argue that there are many factors closely associated with apologies, forgiveness, repentance and reconciliation that we tend to lump together into our assumptions about the practice.

The rich and powerful in our world haven't helped the confusing situation by offering some of the lamest possible apologies in recent years - many of which amount to excuses or self-justification masquerading as apologies. When you're done reading Smith's book, you'll be able to talk about dozens of issues that such shallow attempts to shift blame have completely overlooked.

And, here's the best part! You'll actually be a better person after reading this book - well, at least theoretically if you've taken Smith's advice to heart. The next time you've had an unfortunate accident, made a mistake, or willfully committed a violation of someone's rights - you'll know they're all morally different categories of behavior requiring, from the start, different forms of apology.

I'm sorry, but you really do need to buy - and read - this book.

6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
An invitation to meaningful reflection and discourse
By Stefan Sobolowski
Since the preceding reviews are quite thorough and touch on the most salient points of Nick Smith's work, I will aim for brevity. If you've ever felt that a personal or collective apology was somehow lacking, read this book. Mr. Smith does not presume to provide easy, prescriptive answers, but he does plant signposts to help us navigate the complex landscape of modern-day apologies and their meanings. Most importantly, Mr. Smith encourages the reader to engage her curiosity, follow her own intellectual intuition, and engage in spirited discussion along the way.

5 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Not Sorry I Bought This Book
By Amazon Customer
Alfred Kinsey's work elevated the conversation about sex. Timothy Leary's work elevated the conversation about drugs. Now, Nick Smith gives us his thorough study of apologies, a work that promises to elevate the conversation about what it means to say "I'm sorry."

"I Was Wrong: The Meanings of Apologies" exposes how contemporary gestures of contrition demand our critical attention. Smith, who teaches Philosophy at the University of New Hampshire, examines the significance of various forms of regret. From collective apologies for the holocaust to a pet owner's apology for forgetting to fill his dog's bowl, all remorse receives scrutiny. Smith writes with the learning and patience of a benevolent professor. His message persuades a reader that today's public and private apologies are playing fast and loose with morality.

Smith wants to move the conversation beyond what he regards as the juvenile exchange of "I'm sorry." "No you're not." His book challenges readers to consider the moral force, or lack thereof, behind any act of contrition. His purpose is to guide a reader through an exercise that assures her moral sensibility will grow more sophisticated upon confronting the meanings of apologies. Smith leads us on a journey through a quagmire of questions. For example, who--precisely--is responsible for the 2006 Abu Ghraib torture scandal, and what would be the most suitable redress to those who were injured?

I realized the full urgency of Smith's work when considering blame, redress, and emotions. Smith illuminates the contemporary practice of blaming corporations for wrongs when culpability lies with individuals and their complex social associations. Blaming an automobile manufacturer for a death caused by an SUV that rolled over, or blaming a television network for one commentator's sexist comments, appear to be comparable to X throwing a rock that injures Y and Y asking the rock to apologize? Corporations, like rocks, cannot be held morally accountable for injuring someone. Can throwing money at the loss of human life or dignity restore moral decency? These are some more issues that Smith's work helps us approach with clearer thinking.

"I Was Wrong" also gives a reader a fresh perspective from which to read the newspaper. All the lip service people pay to newsworthy remorse reveals a glaring shortcoming--most apologies fail to address moral culpability. For instance, a recent article in the San Diego Union-Tribune reported the misdemeanor of a City council candidate John Hartley. Two women complained Hartley was masturbating and urinating into a cup inside his truck while parked in front of their house. The paper reported "an apologetic mailer [in which] Hartley admitted he had to `take a leak' but denied he was masturbating." Hartley's apology rivals an excuse a potty trainee might give when nature calls. The news article simply relates that Hartley said the voters will decide whether or not they accept his apology. Beyond the question of whether the apology will be accepted, Smith's work encourages one to wonder to what degree the candidate's apology contributed to the dropping of an indecent-exposure charge.

Another example from the local news here was a story about Chinese Americans rallying outside CNN's Hollywood office to demand the firing of Jack Cafferty for calling China's goods "junk" and its leaders "a bunch of goons and thugs." The article reports how China "snubbed an apology from CNN over the remarks, which Cafferty said were in reference to China's government, not its people." This snubbed apology raises all kinds of problematic issues discussed in Smith's book. First, for CNN to apologize for remarks made by one commentator raises questions about whether a collective can or should apologize for one person's remarks. In this situation, CNN's apology looks that much more suspicious when Cafferty further tries to justify the target of his comments. This is a clear case in which an apology is only making matters worse.

Anyone who has a moral debt to pay, or is owed a moral reckoning will want to read this book and embrace its wisdom. As Smith suggests, the work of a satisfying apology for many injuries and injustices in the world could take lifetimes to fulfill. Those committed to moral justice will want to begin this tremendous work with "I Was Wrong."

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Australia's Money Mandarins: The Reserve Bank and the Politics of Money, by Stephen Bell

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) led a fairly conservative existence until the early 1980s when the economy experienced waves of financial market deregulation and general economic liberalization. This book tells the story of monetary policy and the political role of the Reserve Bank over the past two decades. It reveals how the bank has been used as a "political football", describes conflicts with the government and the Department of Treasury, and how the bank finally adjusted to political turmoil and managed to assert a level of independence in the 1990s.

  • Sales Rank: #3687201 in Books
  • Published on: 2006-08-28
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.02" h x .55" w x 5.98" l, 1.10 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 250 pages

Review
'This is a scholarly and meticulously researched book that offers fascinating insights into the economics and politics of monetary policy by letting the key players speak for themselves. It will be an invaluable source of reference for historians, economists and political analysts.' Fred Argy, former policy adviser, author of various books on social and economic policy and Visiting Fellow at the ANU

'Stephen Bell's Australia's Money Mandarins is essential reading for anyone who needs to understand the mysteries of Australia's central bank.' John Edwards, Chief Economist for Australia and New Zealand, HSBC Bank

'... a thoroughly researched work on institutional economics - a neglected field in Australia where universities tend to classify 'economics', 'organisational behaviour' and 'politics' into separate disciplines. In transcending these artificial boundaries Bell provides insights into the decision-making process and relationships within the Bank ... thanks to his extensive research, drawing both on published material and interviews with former and present senior officials, Bell has written a short history of economic policy in Australia over the last sixty years ... it is an excellent summary of the problems faced by the world governments ... when the Bretton Woods postwar order collapsed ... It is an excellent work for any student of monetary policy.' Public Administration Today

About the Author
Stephen Bell is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Government, University of Queensland.

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A less than critical look at the RBA
By Stephen Kirchner
Note that this review was written in 2004.

Money Mandarins is a thorough examination of the evolution of monetary policy governance in Australia. Bell's main focus is the process by which the Reserve Bank has become increasingly independent of government and its implications for macroeconomic policy. Bell comes down in support of the RBA's distinctive governance framework, arguing that its success serves to discredit the rational choice literature that inspired the revolution in central banking institutions in the rest of the world during the 1990s.

Bell brings together a wide-range range of primary and secondary source material. The most interesting aspect of the book is the many interviews with current and former RBA officials and economic policymakers, from which Bell quotes extensively. Although these interviews necessarily contain a great deal of ex post rationalisation and self-justification, they are nonetheless quite candid in their discussion of the history and current framework for Australian monetary policy. The interviews mostly serve to confirm what has become a well understood story about the role of monetary policy in Australia's recent economic history, but one that has not benefited from systematic exposition. Bell has made a significant contribution in bringing this material together and making it accessible to a general audience.

The RBA is exceptional among the world's central banks in the path it has taken towards greater independence, in its approach to inflation targeting and key aspects of its governance framework. As Bell documents, the current governance framework for Australian monetary policy has a long history, some of it pre-dating the 1959 RBA Act, and there have been only minimal changes to its statutory framework in the period since. This is in sharp contrast to the global revolution in central banking institutions and governance, starting with New Zealand in the late 1980s, and spreading to most of the industrialised world's central banks during the 1990s.

Australia's failure to fully participate in this revolution in central bank governance is partly the result of the politicisation of monetary policy in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Bell documents the intellectual chaos and incoherence that afflicted Australian monetary policy in the1980s, as the RBA struggled to define its role in the newly deregulated financial environment. The Bank's catch-all statutory mandate gave it little guidance as to how policy should be conducted or to what end, with some disastrous macroeconomic outcomes, most notably the early 1990s recession. The fact that the RBA presided over some of the world's highest interest rates is offered by Bell as evidence of its independence (p. 119), as opposed to its lack of credibility. It was this experience that prompted a large number of critics to argue in favour of Reserve Bank reform, which then became a key part of the Federal Coalition's 1993 election platform. According to Bell, `within the Bank there was understandable alarm; its institutional foundations were under attack and the fate of senior staff was uncertain' (p. 60).

The Coalition's 1993 election defeat was a major set back for this reform agenda, yet 1993 is also the year in which Governor Bernie Fraser began to articulate an inflation target as the basis for Australian monetary policy. The RBA was moving in step with international practice, through the adoption of interest rate targeting as its operating instrument and inflation targeting as the goal of policy. The RBA differed, however, in that these changes in monetary policy practice were not accompanied by reforms to the governance, accountability and transparency framework for the Bank. By the time the Coalition came to office in 1996, it was thought sufficient to merely codify existing practice through an exchange of letters between the Treasurer and Reserve Bank Governor. Bell quotes Governor Macfarlane as saying that this was `the minimum fuss way of doing it' (p. 161).

Bell is correct in identifying the distinctiveness of the RBA's approach. Although the RBA is an inflation targeter, its target is only loosely defined, the Bank retains a conflicted statutory mandate and lacks the rigorous accountability and transparency regime that accompanied statutory reform of central banking institutions in other countries, most notably the Bank of England and RBNZ. Bell quotes Governor Macfarlane as saying `ours was definitely regarded - of the dozen models available - as being the softest of the spectrum' (p. 83). Bell sees the RBA's failure to embrace key elements of central bank reform and its apparent success in the discretionary conduct of policy as a challenge to the theoretical rational choice literature that underpins the arguments of reformists and even suggests that the RBA now serves as a model worthy of international emulation.

The problem with this view is that there is no evidence that Australia's fortunate macroeconomic experience in the 1990s is due to Australia's distinctive approach to monetary policy governance, as opposed to what the RBA does share in common with other central banks, which is an increased commitment to price stability relative to previous decades. Australia has shared in what has become known as The Great Moderation, the decline in the volatility of inflation and output across the industrialised world in the 1990s. There is considerable debate in the economics profession about the role that changes in monetary policy practice might have played in the Great Moderation, but unfortunately, no consensus.

The RBNZ is a natural point of comparison for the RBA and Bell subscribes to the now well-established conventional wisdom that the RBNZ's more rigorous approach to inflation targeting, now partly abandoned in favour of the Australian approach, has been a negative for its economy (p. 102). A superficial review of the data does not remotely support this view. Even including New Zealand's 1998 recession, average GDP growth and the output gap in New Zealand have been little different from Australia, while the unemployment rate has been significantly lower. Disentangling the specific contribution of institutional arrangements to macroeconomic outcomes is an extremely difficult task, one that even economists find daunting. The literature suggests that the RBA has, if anything, been more zealous in its response to inflation, while the RBNZ has been more responsive to deviations in growth from trend. This is most likely a function of structural differences between the two economies rather than different preferences over inflation and output on the part of the two central banks.

Bell's argument is consistent with the view that institutions matter, but he wants us to believe that they matter in a way that is different to the alleged `neo-liberal orthodoxy' on the subject. Bell sees in Australian monetary policy a rich set of institutional dynamics that sparks his interest as a political scientist and which he claims are not amenable to a rational choice interpretation. Bell's public interest conception of institutional behaviour blinds him to the obvious self-interest at work behind Australia's failure to embrace central bank reform and a more rigorous framework for monetary policy transparency and accountability.

The RBA's preference for its peculiar governance framework (p. 174) is readily explicable in terms of its desire to retain as much discretion over the conduct of policy as possible, while avoiding the increased public scrutiny and accountability that would come with a more rigorous transparency framework. At the same time, the government has little interest in a strongly independent Bank that might constrain its own freedom of action: Max Walsh is quoted saying `an independent central bank...would be an Australian Treasurer's nightmare' (p. 104). The RBA's broad statutory mandate and `flexible' approach to inflation targeting allows it to shirk responsibility for specific macroeconomic outcomes. The RBA and Treasury often talk about the inflation outlook as though inflation were still an exogenous variable. The persistence of this rhetoric arguably confuses the public and undermines the credibility of the inflation target. The RBA's recent statements on house price inflation and private sector credit growth have created the widespread impression that these too are now targets for policy. When the RBA says, as it did in its November 2003 Statement on Monetary Policy, that household debt is `a separate, but no less important issue' than the inflation target (p. 195), it is not difficult to see how the public could become confused on this issue. The RBA's interest in these issues is partly a function of its paternalistic culture and mistrust of market outcomes. Yet the RBA shows no sign of actually taking responsibility for policy outcomes in relation to these matters. Its submission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into housing affordability sought to finger negative gearing as the culprit in house price inflation, with a view to getting the RBA off the hook should the house price boom end badly. Like any other institution, the RBA is a self-interested actor that needs a well-defined governance framework to ensure that its actions are consistent with the public interest.

The RBA's practice of selectively leaking its policy bias to journalists (p. 155), apart from showing disregard for procedural fairness in handling sensitive information, also suggests than it has a problem with transparency. Bell euphemistically calls this using the media `strategically.' He lets Macfarlane get away with statements such as `we already put out the most detailed account of any central bank when we do make a change' in policy (p. 158), yet the RBA's explanations of its policy actions are little more than check-lists of factors influencing policy and its Statements on Monetary Policy are bland and descriptive compared to the more forward-looking and informative statements produced by the Bank of England and the RBNZ. The Australian Financial Review is quoted saying `the RBA rightly argues that it is already among the most transparent of the world's central banks' (p. 153). Journalist Paul Cleary is also quoted saying that these Statements are a `little-known triumph of transparency' (p. 157). These are laughable propositions for anyone with actual experience of other central banks. Even the Bank of Japan could make a good case for being more transparent than the RBA. Far from being authoritative, these comments only serve to highlight the low standards of the federal parliamentary press gallery.

The other respect in which the RBA's governance framework is deficient is in the composition of its Board, yet Bell takes an overly benign view of these arrangements. The RBA is exceptional in having a part-time amateur policy board, with a representative of the government in the form of the Treasury Secretary having voting rights. Governor Macfarlane is quoted by Bell as saying `no one has ever understood whether the Treasury Secretary speaks for the Treasury or the Treasurer, and I still don't know the answer to that' (p. 177). This is a perhaps a more powerful statement in favour of removing the Treasury Secretary from his ex officio role on the Board than the more conventional one that this position serves as a back channel for political influence. The role of some of the other, part-time board members, particularly those with business backgrounds, is no less questionable. Think of Bill Gates sitting on the US Federal Open Market Committee or Sir Richard Branson sitting on the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee and the absurdity of the RBA's governance arrangements becomes readily apparent. Bell is even sympathetic to the idea of allowing financial sector representation on the Board (p. 179), showing little concern for the risk of regulatory capture. The RBA's preference for an amateur policy Board arguably reflects the desire of its senior officers to monopolise decision-making and limit scrutiny by outside experts. At the very least, monetary policy decision-making should be delegated to a full-time expert committee that is kept separate from the Bank's other governance functions and has substantial external representation to ensure a genuine diversity of policy views.

Bell concludes that `the system does not need much fixing' (p. 165), which would be music to the ears of the RBA's deeply conservative senior officers. Yet the impetus for reform has not been entirely lost. Bell documents the attempts of Labor members of the House Economics Committee to get central bank reform back on the table (p. 161). In particular, Labor members have argued in favour of writing the Joint Statement on the Conduct Monetary Policy into the Reserve Bank Act, requiring the RBA to make detailed statements at every policy announcement window (like the RBNZ) and for removing the Treasury Secretary from the RBA Board. Whether this enthusiasm for reform can be sustained into government is questionable, and the ALP has already backed away from the idea of removing the Treasury Secretary from the Board. But the ALP's interest in these issues demonstrates that central bank reform is not just some fixation of the `neo-liberal right,' as Bell would have us believe. The ALP's interest in reform constitutes recognition that these are matters of considerable procedural importance in promoting public accountability in the conduct of monetary policy.

While Bell and many others have given the RBA a good press in recent years, this only proves that nothing succeeds like success. Good luck and good management have arguably made up for what the RBA lacks in terms of a sound governance framework. The RBA is certainly distinctive by international standards, but this distinctiveness is little more than a by-product of its history, institutional inertia and political laziness. There is no strong evidence for or against the peculiarities of the RBA's governance framework, although plenty of evidence in favour of what it does now share in common with other central banks. The most compelling arguments for further reform are largely procedural rather than economic. Processes matter to economic outcomes, even if we cannot always identify their specific contribution. Bell understands the importance of institutions, but his critical edge is blunted by his public interest conception of institutional behaviour. Bell characterises the literature on central bank independence as `a lifeless form of institutional analysis. It misses the most important thing, human agency and the actual motives and behaviour of key actors' (p. 106). Yet Bell is guilty of precisely this in his naïve public interest assumptions about institutional behaviour. Much of Bell's narrative can be given a straightforward rational choice interpretation. Perhaps the most revealing comment in the book comes in the introduction, when Bell says `decisions and operations in the upper reaches of the Bank and at the level of the Reserve Bank Board still occur in secret, and it is part of the purpose of this book to peer into this closed world' (p. 3 emphasis added). Reform advocates would argue that it should not take a political science professor to make sense of Australian monetary policy.

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